[40] In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days. Identifying legal and illegal animals from thousands of species is virtually impossible. Texas J. Sci. Available online (, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Animal liberation and environmental ethics: Bad marriage, quick divorce, Managed relocation: Integrating the scientific, regulatory and ethical challenges, Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change, Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals, The deer departed. However, by allowing this maladaptive trait to persist, over half the population were now rim layers. Rim laid eggs never hatched. The softening of the distinction between ex situ and in situ, the quickening pace of biodiversity loss, and the parallel rise of a more interventionist ecological ethic have significant implications for how we understand and make trade-offs among values and responsibilities in conservation research and practice. In parallel, conservation ethics and values are being reexamined and adapted to fit dynamic ecological and institutional contexts in which traditional models of protecting the environment are being replaced by more pragmatic and interventionist approaches less wedded to historical systems and static preservationist ideals (Camacho et al. option. These projects have typically involved breeding animals in captiv-ity for future release, translocating animals from an area where the spe-cies is abundant to one where it was once common but is now scarce, or reintroducing captive animals into a habitat once occupied by the spe-cies. 2007). Have been housed in zoos, such as the Institute for Conservation Research at the San Diego Zoo founded in 1975 and expanded in 2009,[6] which have contributed to the successful conservation efforts of species such as the Hawaiian Crow.[7]. Yet such a shift in mission and programs could undercut public support for zoos, especially to the extent that the traditional displays of charismatic wildlife are reduced to accommodate a stronger conservation and research agenda. Such conservation challenges and others like them ultimately compel us to rethink our responsibilities to safeguard declining species and promote ecosystem integrity and health in an increasingly dynamic environment. those mentioned in the Tiger King documentary: The, More realistic enclosures mimicking natural habitat, Large enclosures, especially for larger species, Enrichment: Food sources or objects to encourage the natural behaviors of animals, Less stereotypic behavior (repeated movements, head bobbing in elephants, pacing), No or extremely regulated exotic animal touching, Barriers between the animals and the public, Purposeful and regulated breeding of specific species, Babies are an infrequent occasion and are announced to the public, Baby animals stay with their mothers in exhibits, Placards and other educational information about the animals in the wild, Research takes place at the zoo and/or on animals in the wild, Government or non-profit ownership with a board of directors, Scientists (people with masters or Ph.D.s) and veterinarians are part of the permanent staff, Less or no consideration for habitat, often just cages and concrete, More stereotypic behavior (pacing back and forth), Heavy emphasis on touching or holding the animals, No barriers between the animals and the public or allowing the public to enter enclosures, Babies are always present and advertised to the public with photo opportunities, Baby animals are taken from their mothers to be raised by humans; mothers are simply breeders akin to puppy mills, Little or no educational information about the animals in the wild, There are no permanent scientists or veterinarians on staff.