This neighbourhood hosts the significant architecture of Santuario di Maria Ausiliatrice ("Maria Ausiliatrice Sanctuary") in the homonymous square and behind the church stands San Pietro in Vincoli old cemetery. The huge avenue, made up of Corso Mediterraneo and Corso Castelfidardo, is part of Spina Centrale boulevard and was recently built over the old railway (now undergrounded): as a result, the avenue is very large (up to 60 metres (200 feet)) and modern, having been rebuilt with valuable materials, including a characteristic lighting system supported by white high poles. An example are the remains of FIAT Officine Grandi Motori (OGM) in Corso Vigevano, an old factory that produced big industrial and automotive Diesel engines, a sort of symbol of the industrial history of Turin. Next to the Museum, another significant residential building previously hosted the head office of Juventus, one of the two main Turin football clubs. By this time, Turin had grown to 430,000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on the western and northern front by the Alps and on the eastern front by a high hill that is the natural continuation of the hills of Monferrato. A new extension of the so-called Linea 1 ("Line 1") is expected in the near future, reaching both Rivoli (up to Cascine Vica hamlet) in the Western belt of Turin and Piazza Bengasi in the Southeast side of the city. Another building is the largest synagogue of the city, in Piazzetta Primo Levi, a square. In the surroundings, in Via Vanchiglia 8, (although in downtown and not really in Vanchiglia anymore) there is another trapezoid house, albeit with less extreme design: similarly, this building is nicknamed "Fetta di Formaggio" (cheese slice), built in 1832 for the rich Marchese Birago di Vische by the architect Antonio Talentino. The main literary figures during the Baroque age in Turin were Emanuele Tesauro and Alessandro Tassoni. The International Book Fair is one of the most important fairs of its kind in Europe. Rain falls mostly during spring and autumn; during the hottest months, otherwise, rains are less frequent but heavier (thunderstorms are frequent). These avenues feature long rows of trees, symbolic of Turin's typical urbanity. The district was named Aurora after the so-called Cascina Aurora, an old farmstead lying north of the Dora river, right at the intersection between Corso Giulio Cesare and Corso Emilia. Around the city are several other parks such as La Mandria Regional Park and the Parco della Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi, once hunting grounds of the Savoy, and those on the hills of Turin. The district is crossed by some significant avenues: on Corso Svizzera, which crosses the district from North To South, faces the Business Centre Piero Della Francesca, where the offices of Tuttosport, one of the three national sports daily newspapers has its head offices. Other important stations are Stura, Rebaudengo, Lingotto and Madonna di Campagna railway stations, though not all of them belong to the layout of the Spina Centrale. Juventus is Italy's most successful football club and one of the most laureated in the world. Rosa Vercellana, commonly known as Rosina and, in Piedmontese as La Bela Rosin ("the beautiful Rosin"), was the mistress and later wife of King Victor Emmanuel II. For the occasion the plan for the new lighting of the park, along with its fountains and paths, was assigned to Guido Chiarelli, the head engineer at the city hall. [4] In order to promote entrepreneurship, the provincial body has started "Start Your Own Business" (Italian: Mettersi in Proprio), an advice service to help aspiring entrepreneurs who have new business ideas. Close to Via Cernaia stands the Cittadella (Citadel),in the Andrea Guglielminetti garden. However, the most popular avenue is Corso De Gasperi, which, albeit smaller than other avenues of the district, hosts one of the most fashionable open markets of the city, the so-called Mercato della Crocetta, in which it is possible to find some discounted branded clothing among the more popular ones. The population soon reached 1 million in 1960 and peaked at almost 1.2 million in 1971. Politecnico area extends till Via Boggio with further facilities hosted in the former OGR facilities. The current neighbourhood is characterised by its tiny streets and its several medieval buildings and today it is popular for its aperitivo bars and its small shops run by local artisans. Via Carlo Alberto crosses Piazza Carlo Alberto, a big square hosting the rear façade of Palazzo Carignano, in eclectic style. This small triangle surrounded by Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, Corso Francia and Corso Inghilterra hosts some high rated residential buildings and is regarded as a prestigious residential neighbourhood by local people. Graziano Oerlikon, Ghia, Fioravanti (automotive), Rai (national broadcasting company), Banca Intermobiliare, Intesa Sanpaolo, Reale Mutua (finance), Invicta, Kappa, Superga (fashion), Ferrero, Lavazza, Martini & Rossi (food & beverage), Alpitour (hospitality and tourism). The residence of the Savoy family and first capital of the Italian kingdom, it is rich of 17th and 18-th century monuments; it is also a major industrial city in north-western Italy and headquarters of the Fiat automotive company, Telecom Italia, the National Rai TV channel, it is also a sports capital with the two first-division soccer teams Juventus and Torino. County of Savoy 1046–1416 As for the southern part of the street, Via Roma ends in Piazza Carlo Felice and in its Giardino Sambuy, a wide fenced garden right in the middle of the square. The building is depicted on the Italian 2-cent coin. During the 1920s and 30s, Turin hosted a number of film productions and major film studios (film houses), such as the Itala film, Aquila and Fert Studios. [38] One of the most famous parks featuring a children's playground is Parco della Tesoriera, which is also home to Andrea della Corte Municipal Music Library; this facility is housed in Villa Tesoriera, built in 1715 and once the Royal Treasurer's residence. The station building was recently renovated and now hosts some old locomotives, even though it is not open to the public. Around 18 per cent of the population is under 20 years of age, while 22 per cent is over 65. In the next century Torino hosted the poet Vittorio Alfieri from Asti for a while. Its architecture stands in the main sight of the city, as characterised by four large towers – 27 metres (89 feet) high – topped by four onion-shaped domes. From the 1980s Turin diversified its economy and is shifting back towards a service economy. Browse the most comprehensive and up-to-date online directory of administrative regions in Italy. In the local Piedmontese language has a literary tradition, with names such as Nicoletto da Torino, Ignas Isler, author of epic poems, and Eduard Calv. An example of contemporary art is the heating plant in Corso Ferrucci, which has been covered with aluminium panels. Designed by the architect Gino Zucchi, this project is still a work in progress but excavations in the area revealed the remains of a medieval cemetery and an early Christian basilica; these findings will be preserved and will be shown to the public. Another building (19th century), now abandoned, is the former Westinghouse factory of train brakes situated in Via Borsellino. This result is due to a growing immigration from Southern Italy and abroad. Turin is home to one of Italy's principal national newspapers, La Stampa, and the sports daily newspaper Tuttosport. Annexed to the cathedral is the Chapel of the Holy Shroud, the current resting place of the Shroud of Turin. Indeed, in those years Tommaseo, Settembrini and John Meadows resided in the city. Since before the second world war, the automotive industry has been the largest employer in the city, and almost all exports from Turin are manufactured goods. French) style. The Western border of Crocetta is instead an example of contemporary architecture. Turin features a European-humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), as does most of northern Italy. The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Turin, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 65 min. The section of the street between Piazza San Carlo and Piazza Castello was built in eclectic style, with arcades characterised by Serliana-type arches. She was made Countess of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda, but never Queen of Italy. Juventus has the larger fan base, especially all over Italy and worldwide, while Torino enjoys a greater support in the city itself. The other two important sectors are industry (32%) and agriculture (2%). It contains numerous historical tombs and 12  km of arcades, enriched by artistic sculptures (that's why is called "monumental cemetery"). [45][50] In 2008 the city generated a GDP of $68 billion, ranking as the world's 78th richest city by purchasing power,[51] and 16th in Europe, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers. [65] The candidature sees the City strongly committed to increasing sports activities. [44] In the vein of many Fordist economies Turin's economy relies heavily upon its automotive and aerospace industries. Kingdom of Italy 1861–1943 The two clubs contest the oldest derby in Italy, the Derby della Mole or the Turin derby.[57]. It was designed in 1840 by Alessandro Antonelli for his wife, Francesca Scaccabarozzi, probably because of a bet. (n.d.). Other notable buildings are the town public baths, eclectic building built in 1905 (Corso Regina Margherita crossing Via Vanchiglia), and theTeatro della Caduta theatre, opened in 2003 in Via Michele Buniva 23, which with its 45 seats is the smallest theatre in Turin and among the smallest theatres in Europe.